|
References Abercrombie,
Priscilla DeRemer. 1996. "Women Living with HIV
Infection," Nursing Clinics of North America, March, vol.
31, no. 1, pages 97-106. Abdala N., P.C. Stephens, B. P. Griffith, and R. Heimer. 1999. Survival of HIV-1 in Syringes. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology. January 1, vol.20. no.1. pages 73-80. Abstract. Akin, Wanda M. 1997. "A clean-needle program and the color of justice." Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ), February 21, p. 20. Ali, Reverend Bryant. 1998. "Must we condemn addicts to death from AIDS?" Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ), March 9, p. 12. Altman,
Lawrence K. 2000. "U.N. Warning AIDS Imperils Africa's Youth," New
York Times, June 28, page 1. America. 1998. "Needle exchange Saves Lives." Editorial, July 18. America. 1998. "Jesuit doctor calls for Catholic leaders to support needle exchange programs." Press release, July 10. American Civil Liberties Union. 1999. "Driving While Black: Racial Profiling on Our Nation's Highways," by David A. Harris. June. American Bar Association, AIDS Coordinating Committee. 2001. Deregulation of Hypodermic Needles and Syringes as a Public Health Measure: A Report on Emerging Policy and Law in the United States. edited by Scott Burr. Washington, DC. 81pages. Also available by telephone to 202-662-1030. American Medical Association, American Pharmaceutical Association, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, and National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors. 1999. "HIV Prevention & Access to Sterile Syringes." Letter to colleagues. October. Angelette, Adrian.1999. "Doctor links AIDS to addicts; official urges selling users clean needles." The Advocate (Baton Rouge, LA), November 29. Archibald, Chris P., Marianna Ofner, Steffanie A. Strathdee, David M. patrick, Donald Sutherland, Michael L. Rekart, Martin T. Schechter, and Michael V. O'Shaughnessy, 1998, "Factors associated with frequent needle exchange program attendance with injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, vol. 17, pp. 160-166. Associated Press. 1998. "AIDS activist ends clean needle effort." Trenton Times (Trenton, NJ), December 19, p. A2. Associated Press. 1998. "U.S. won't fund needle exchanges." April 20. Barnett, Michael. "Needle exchange is needed to stop spread of HIV." January 22, 2000, p. B7. Beach, Jeff. 1998. "Camden backs state's needle exchange plan." Courier-Post (Camden, NJ), May 29, p. 7A. Becerra,
Representative Xavier and Representative Maxine Waters. 1998. Letter to
Secretary of Health and Human Services Donna Shalala, February 9. Bedard, Paul. 1998. "Black caucus targets drug czar." Washington Times, April 25, p. 1. Bergmann, Jennifer. 1998. "Needle exchange programs work; I know – I'm an ex-drug addict." Atlantic City Press (Atlantic, NJ), May 6. Bluthenthal, Ricky N., Alex H. Kral, Jennifer Lorvick, and John K. Watters. 1997. “Impact of law enforcement on syringe exchange programs: A look at Oakland and San Francisco.” Medical Anthropology, vol. 18, pp. 1-23. Bluthenthal, Ricky N., Alex H. Kral, Elizabeth A. Erringer, and Brian R. Edlin. 1999. “Drug paraphernalia laws and injection-related infectious disease risk among drug injectors." Journal of Drug Issues, vol. 29. no. 1, pp. 1-16. Bluthenthal, Ricky N., Alex H. Kral,
Elizabeth A. Erringer, and Brian R. Edlin. 1998. "Use of
an Illegal Syringe Exchange and Injection-Related Risk Behaviors among
Street-Recruited Injection Drug Users in Oakland, California, 1992-1995."
Journal of AIDS and Human Retrovirology. Abstract. Bluthenthal, Ricky N., Alex H. Kral, Lauren Gee, Elizabeth A. Erringer, and Brian R. Edlin, 2000. "The effect of syringe exchange use on high-risk injection drug users: a cohort study," AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 605-611. Bluthenthal, Ricky N., Jenniver Lorvick, Alex H. Kral, Elizabeth A. Erringer, and James G. Kahn. 1999. "Collateral damage in the war on drugs: injection drug users." International Journal of Drug Policy, vol. 10. pp. 25-38. Broadhead,
Robert S., Yael van Hulst, and Douglas D. Heckathorn. 1999.
"Termination
of an established needle exchange: A study of claims and their impact."
Social Problems. vol. 46, no.l. pages 48-66. Abstract. Broadhead, Robert S., Yael van Hulst, and Douglas D. Heckathorn. 1999. "The Impact of a Needle Exchange's Closure," Public Health Reports, September/October. vol. 114, pages 439-447. Abstract. Brooner, R., M. Kidorf, V. King, P. Bielenson, D. Svikis, and D. Vlahov. 1998. "A Drug Abuse Treatment Success Among Needle Exchange Participants," Public Health Reports, vol. 113, supplement 1, pages 130-139, June. Abstract. Bruneau, Julie, Eduardo Franco, and Francois Lamothe, 1997, "Assessing harm reduction strategies: the dilemma of observational studies," American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 146, no. 12, pp. 1007-1010. Bruneau, Julie, N. Lachance and others. 1 Bruneau, Julie, Francois Lamothe, Eduardo Franco, Nathalie, Lachance, Marie Desy, Julio Soto, and Jean Vincelette, 1997, "High rates of HIV infection among injection drug users participating in needle exchange programs in Montreal: results of a cohort study," American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 146, no. 12, pp. 994-1002. Bruneau, Julie, and Martin T. Schechter. 1998. "The politics of needles and AIDS." New York Times, April 9. Burack, J.H., and D. Bangsberg 1998. "Epidemiology
and transmission of HIV among injectiong drug users." In The
AIDS Knowledge Base. Ed. P.T. Cohen, M.A. Sande, and P.A. Volberding. USA:
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1998.
Burris, Scott. 2002.
" Project on Harm Reduction in the Health Care
System." website at Beasley School of Law, Temple University. Burris,
Scott, Davis Finucane, Heather Gallagher, and Joseph Grace. 1996. "The
legal strategies used in operating syringe exchange programs in the United
States." American Journal
of Public Health, vol.
86, August, pp. 1161-66. Burris,
Scott, Peter Lurie, Daniel Abrahamson, and Josiah D. Rich. 2000.
"Physician Prescribing of Sterile Injection Equipment to Prevent HIV
Infection: Time for Action," Annals of Internal Medicine, August,
vol. 133, pages 218-226. Cannon,
Michael J., Sheila C. Dollard, Dawn K. Smith and others. 2001.
"Blood-borne and sexual transmission of human herpes virus 8 in
women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection." New
England Journal of Medicine. March 1. vol. 344. no. 9. page 637.
Carlson, R. G., H. A. Siegal, J. Wang, and R. S. Flack. 1996. “Attitudes toward needle ‘sharing’ among injection drug users: Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods.” Human Organization, vol. 55, pp. 361-69. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. U.S. HIV and AIDS cases reported through (month/year). This report comes out twice a year. Available in Adobe Acrobat. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance. This report comes out annually. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. No date given. Fact Sheet: "HIV/AIDS Among U.S. Women: Minority and Young Women at Continuing Risk." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 and 1994. The Clinton Administration’s internal reviews of research on needle exchange programs. Made available to the public, March 7, 1995, by the Drug Policy Foundation, Washington, DC 20008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1994. National HIV Serosurveillance Summary: Results Through 1992, vol. 3, page 19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1997. HIV prevention bulletin: medical advice for persons who inject illicit drugs. Letter to colleagues from Helene D. Gayle, Director, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention and others. May 8; 5 pages. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998. Prevention and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases as an HIV Prevention Strategy. July; 3 pages. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. Drug-Associated HIV Transmission Continues in the United States. August. 3 pages. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Viral hepatitis B Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. "Condoms and Their Use in Preventing HIV Infection and Other STDs." January. 4 pages. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. "HIV/AIDS Among US Women: Minority
and Young Women at Continuing Risk." January.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. HIV Prevention Strategic Plan Through 2005. January. 81 pages. Available in pdf format. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. "Access to sterile syringes." January. 4 pages. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. "Pharmacy sales of syringes. January. 4 pages. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. "Physician prescription of sterile syringes to injection drug users. February. 3 pages. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. "Policy efforts to increase IDUs' access to sterile syringes." January. 4 pages. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. "Syringe disposal." January. 4 pages. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. "Syringe exchange programs." January. 4 pages. "Chances of HIV infection." 2001. Washington Post. February 9. page A5. Cohen, Cathy J. 1999. The boundaries of blackness: AIDS and the breakdown of black politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 393 pages. Cole, David.
1999. No Equal Justice, New York: The New
Press. 218 pages. Coleman, Bonnie Watson. 1999. "Protection against AIDS." Newark Star-Ledger, letter to the editor, April 14. Compton III,William, L. B. Cottler, S. H. Decker, et al. 1992 "Legal needle buying in St. Louis, American Journal of Public Health, vol. 82, pp. 595-596. Connolly, Ceci. 2002. "Bush aides defend AIDS policies
from council criticism." Washington Post. March 15.
Corbie-Smith, Giselle. 1999. "The continuing legacy of the Tuskegee syphilis study: Considerations for clinical investigation." American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Vol. 317, no. 1. January. pp. 5-8. Davis, Marcia.
1999.
"Traffic violation: racial profiling is a reality for black
drivers." Emerge, June. pages 42-48. Day, Dawn, see Publications from the Dogwood Center. Des
Jarlais, Don C., Mark Breda, and Suzette Smetka, Undated. Hawaii Syringe
Exchange Program: 1997 Evaluation Report, available from the Chow Project,
710 North King Street, Room #5, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817; 37 pages plus figures. Des Jarlais, Don C., Michael Marmor, Patricia Friedman, Stephen Titus and others, 2000. "HIV incidence among injection drug users in New York City, 1992-1997: evidence for a declining epidemic," American Journal of Public Health, March, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 352-359. Des Jarlais, Don C., T. Perlis, S. R. Friedman, S. Deren
and others. 1998. "Declining
Seroprevalence in a Very Large HIV Epidemic: Injecting Drug Users in New
York City, 1991 to 1996." American Journal of Public Health.
vol. 88. no. 12. pages 1801-1806. Des Jarlais, Don C. and Anne Schuchat, 2001. "Hepatitis C among drug users: Deja vu all over again?" American Journal of Public Health. January. vol. 91. no. 1. pages 21-22. Des Jarlais, Don C. and Salaam Semaan. 2002. "HIV prevention research: cumulative knowledge or accumulating studies: an introduction to the HIV/AIDS prevention research synthesis project supplement." Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. July 1. Supplement 1. vol. 30. pages S1 - S7. Diaz, Teresa , Don c. Des Jarlais, David Vlahov and others. 2001. Factors associated with prevalent hepatitis C: differences among young adult injeciton drug users in lower and upper Manhattan, New York City." American Journal of Public Health. January. vol. 91. no.1. pages 23-30. Drucker, Ernest, Peter
Lurie, Alex Wodak and Philip Alcabes. 1998.
“Measuring harm reduction: the effects of needle exchange and syringe exchange
programs and methadone maintenance on the ecology of HIV.” AIDS. Vol. 12
(Supplement A), page S217-S230. Drucker, Ernest. 2000. "Preventing the spread of drug-related AIDS worldwide -- at a dollar a head." April 23. Drucker, Jesse. 1999. "HIV council supports needle exchange." Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ), April 2, p. 35. Drucker, Jesse. 1999. "Project aims to cut the spread of HIV." Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ), August 8, p. 41. Eyle, Nicholas. 2001. "America is on a Lonely Road in it's Drug Policy" Syracuse Newspapers: The Post-Standard; Herald-Journal; Herald American. August 23. Flynn,
Kevin. 1999. "Racial Bias Shown in police Searches, State Report
Asserts." New York Times. December 1. page 1. Fuller, Jon. 1998. "Needle exchange: Saving lives." America, July 18. Gaskins, Susan W., 1997. "Heterosexual Transmission of HIV in Women," Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, November/December, vol. 8 no. 6, pages 84-87. General
Accounting Office. 1993. Needle exchange programs: Research suggests promise as an AIDS prevention strategy.
Executive summary. Full report. Report Number GAO/HRD-93-60,
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. General
Accounting Office.
2000. HIV/AIDS:
Use of Ryan White CARE Act and Other Assistance Grant Funds, letter report,
March 1, GAO/HEHS-00-54. Gibson, D.R. 1999. "HIV prevention in injecting drug users." The AIDS Knowledge Base. Ed. P.T. Cohen, M.A. Sande, and P.A. Volberding. USA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1998. Ginsberg, Wendy. 1998. "Study: Needle exchange may benefit minorities." Daily Targum (Rutgers University student newspaper), November 10, p. 7. Gleghorn, Alice A., T. Stephen Jones, Meg
C. Doherty, David D. Celentano, and David Vlahov. 1995. “Acquisition
and use of needles and syringes by injecting drug users in Baltimore,
Maryland.” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology,
vol. 10, pp. 97-103.
Gostin,
Lawrence O., Zita Lazzarini, T. Stephen Jones, and Kathleen Flagherty. 1997.
"Prevention
of HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne diseases among injection drug users –
A
national survey
on the regulation of syringes and needles." Journal
of the American Medical Association, vol. 277, no. 1, January
1, pp. 53-62. Groopman, Jerome. 1998. “The shadow epidemic.” New Yorker. May 11. pages. 48-60. Groseclose, Sameul L., Beth Weinstein, T. Stephen Jones, Linda A. Valleroy, Laura J. Fehrs, and William J. Kassler. 1995. "Impact of increased legal access to needles and syringes on practices of injection-drug users and police officers – Connecticut, 1992-1993.” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, vol. 10, pp. 82-89. Grund, Jean-Paul, C. Douglas, D.
Heckathorn, Robert S. Broadhead, and Denise L. Anthony. 1995.
"In eastern Connecticut, IDUs purchase syringes from pharmacies but don’t
carry syringes.” Journal of Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, vol. 10, pp. 104-5. Hagen, H., J. P. McGough, and others. in press. Reduced Injection Frequency and Increased Entry and Retention in Drug Treatment Associated with Needle Exchange Participation in Seattle Drug Injections, Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. Abstract. Hagan H., J. P. McGough, H. Thiede, N.
Weiss, S. Hopkins, and A. Russell. 1999. Syringe exchange and risk of infection with hepatitis B and C
viruses." American Journal of Epidemiology." vol.149.
pages
203-213. Hagan, H., J. P. McGough and others. in press. "Volunteer Bias in Non-Randomized Evaluations of the Efficacy of Needle Exchange Programs." Journal of Urban Health. Abstract. Hagan, Holly, Hanne Thiede, Noel S. Weiss and others. 2001. "Sharing of drug preparation equipment as a risk factor for hepatitis C. American Journal of Public Health. January. vol. 91. no.1. pages 42-46. Harris, John F., and Amy Goldstein. 1999. "Puncturing an AIDS initiative." Washington Post, April 23, p. 1A. Harvard Heart Letter. 2000. "Stages of Change: Getting to Where You Want to Be." April. Volume 10. Number 7. pp. 4-6. Heimer,
Robert, Kaveh Khoshnood, P. Clay Stepens, Bini Jariwala Freeman, and
Edward H. Kaplan. 1996. "Evaluating a Needle Exchange Programme:
Models for Testing HIV-1 Risk Reduction," International Journal of
Drug Policy, vol. 7, no. 2, pages 123-129. Heimer,
Robert, Kaveh Khoshnood,
D. Bigg, J.
Guydish, and B. Junge. 1998. "Syringe
Use and Reuse: Syringe Exchange Programs in Four Cities." Journal
of Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndromes and Human Retrovirology. vol.18(supplement 1). pages S37-S44. Holmberg, Scott D. 1996. "The estimated prevalence and incidence of HIV in 96 large U.S. metropolitan areas." American Journal of Public Health, vol. 86, no. 5, May, pp. 642-54. Holtgrave, David R., Steven D. Pinkerton, T. Stephen Jones, Peter Lurie, and David Vlahov. 1998. “Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Increasing Access to Sterile Syringes and Needles as an HIV Prevention Intervention in the United States,” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, vol. 18 (supplement), pages S133-S138. Hudson County HIV/AIDS Services Planning Council, 1999. Resolution of January 6, 1999. Hurley, Susan F., Damien J. Jolley and John M. Kaldor. 1997. "Effectiveness of needle-exchange programmes for prevention of HIV infection," The Lancet, June 21. vol. 349. pages 1797-1800. Institute of Medicine. 2000. No Time to Lose: Getting More from HIV Prevention. Ruiz, Monica S., Alicia R. Gable, Edward H. Kaplan and others, eds. Washington, D.C. National Academy Press. Executive summary and full report. Press release. Opening statement at press conference. Jones, J.H., 1993. Bad blood: The Tuskegee syphilis experiment. New York (2nd ed.): Free Press. Junge, B., D. Vlahov, E. Riley, S.
Huettner, M. Brown, and P. Beilenson. 1999. "Pharmacy
access to sterile syringes for injection drug users: attitudes of
participants in a syringe exchange program." Journal of
the American Pharmacy Association. vol. 39. no.l. pages 17-22. Kahn, J. 1998. " Economic Evaluation of Primary HIV Prevention in Injection Drug Users." In D. Holtgrave, editor. Handbook of Economic Evaluation HIV Prevention Programs. Plenum Press. New York. Abstract. Kaplan, Edward H. and Elaine O'Keefe. 1993. "Let the Needles Do the Talking! Evaluating the New Haven Needle Exchange," Interfaces, January-February. vol. 23, no. 1, pages 7-26. Kaplan, Edward H. 1994. "A method for evaluating needle exchange programmes," Statistics in Medicine, vol. 13, pp. 2179-2187. Kilzer, Lou. 1999. "Satcher supports needle exchange," Denver Rocky Mountain News, November 6. King, Jr., Reverend Martin Luther. 1963. "Letter from a Birmingham Jail." April 16. Birmingham, Alabana. Kocieniewski,
David. 1999. "U.S. Will Monitor New Jersey Police on Race
Profiling." New York Times. December 23. page 1. Kornreich, Jennifer. 1998. "Iffy Lube," Village Voice April 14. vol. 43, no. 14, page 53. Lamb, William F. 1998. "Giving NJ addicts clean needles would corrupt basic moral values." Home News (New Brunswick, NJ), October 18. Lewis, David C. and June E. Osborn. 1998. "A Waste of Lives and Money," Washington Post, July 20, page A17. Libert, F., P. Cochaux, G. Beckman, M. Samson, and others. 1998. “The Deltaccrt Mutation Conferring Protection Against HIV-1 in Caucasion Populations Has a Single and Recent Origin in Northeastern Europe,” Human Molecular Genetics, March, vol. 5, no. 3, pages 399-406. Lorvick, Jennifer, Alex H. Kral, Karen Sel and others. 2001. "Prevalence and Duration of Hepatitis C Among Injection Drug Users in San Francisco, California." American Journal of Public Health. January. vol. 91. no.1. pages 46-47. Lu, Y., V.R. Nerurkar, W.M. Dashwood, C.L. Woodward, and others. 1999. “Frequencies of the CC Chemokine Receptor 5 Delta 32 Allele in Various Populations of Defined Racial Background,” International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Summer , vol. 3, no. 4, pages 186-191. Lundberg,
George D. 1999. "New Winds Blowing for American Drug
Policies," Journal of the American Medical Association. September 17.
pages 946-947. Lurie, Peter, 1997, "Invited commentary: le mystere de Montreal," American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 146, no. 12, pp.1003-1006. Lurie, Peter, and Ernest Drucker. 1997. “An opportunity lost: HIV infections associated with lack of a national needle exchange programme in the USA." Lancet, vol. 349, March 1, pp. 604-8. Lurie, Peter, T. S. Jones and J. Foley. 1998. "A sterile syringe for every drug user injection: how many injections take place annually, and how might pharmacists contribute to syringe distribution?" Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology. vol. 18 (Supplement 1). pages S45-S51. Marsico, Ron. 1998. "Clean-needle bills gain despite veto threat." Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ), September 18, p. 28. McNeil, Jr., Donald G. 1999. "Condoms for Women Gain Approval Among Africans." New York Times. July 24, page 1. Meckler, Laura. 2002. "Conservative Ex-Congressman to Head AIDS Advisory Panel." Associated Press. January 23. Michaels, David. 1992. “Estimates of the number of motherless youth orphaned by AIDS in the United States.” Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 268, no. 24, December 23/30. Minkoff,
Howard and Nanette Santoro. 2000. "Ethical Considerations
in the Treatment of Infertility in Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Infection," New England Journal of Medicine, June 8,
vol. 342, no. 23, pages 1748-1750. Mfume, Kweisi, chief executive of the NAACP. 1998. "Letter to the Editor," New York Times, July 11. page A10.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
1998.
"HIV prevention
through early detection and treatment of other sexually transmitted
diseases - United States." vol. 47. no. RR-12. 24
pages. Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report. 1998. "Update: syringe exchange programs –
United States, 1997." vol. 47, no.
31, August
14, pp. 652-55. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 1999.
“Guidelines
for National Human Immunodeficiency Virus Case Surveillance, Including
Monitoring for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome,” vol. 48, no. RR-13. Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report. 2001. "National Hepatitis Awareness Month
-- May 2001" May 18, vol. 50. no. 19. page 399. Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report. 2001. "Prevalence
of risk behaviors for HIV infection among adults -- United States, 1997."
April. pages 262-285. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
2001. "Public
health and injection drug use." May 18, vol. 50. no. 19. page
377. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly
Report. 2001. "Update:
syringe exchange programs -- United States, 1998." May 18. vol.
50. no. 19. pages 384-387 National
Commission on AIDS. 1991. The twin
epidemics of substance use and HIV. Executive
summary. Full report. Washington,
DC. National Institutes of Health. Chronic Hepatitis C: Current Disease Management. Online publication. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Statement, 1997. Management of Hepatitis C, March 24-26, 41 pages. National
Institutes of Health Consensus Statement. 1997.
Effective
Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction. November 17-19. volume
15. no.6. National Institutes of Health Consensus Statement. 1997. Interventions to prevent HIV risk behaviors. February 11-13. vol. 15. no. 2. National Institute on Drug
Abuse.
2000. "Community Drug Alert Bulletin: Hepatitis
C," May, 4 pages. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2002. Principles of HIV prevention in drug-using populations. March. 32 pages. National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 1995. Jacques Normand, David Vlahov, and Lincoln E. Moses, eds., Preventing HIV transmission: The role of sterile needles and bleach. Executive summary. Full report available from National Academy Press, 1995. Washington, DC. National Vital Statistics Reports. 1999. "Deaths: Final data for 1997." Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, by Donna L.Hoyert, K.D. Kochanek, and S.L. Murphy. vol. 47, no. 19. National Vital Statistics Reports. 2000. “Deaths: Final Data for 1998,” Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, by Sherry L. Murphy, vol. 48, no. 11, July 24. National Vital Statistics Reports. 2001. “Deaths: Leading Causes for 1999,” Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, by Robert N. Anderson, vol. 49, no. 11, October 12. Available in Adobe Acrobat. National Vital Statistics Reports. 2001. "Deaths:Preliminary Data for 2000,” Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, by Arialdi M. Minino and Betty L. Smith, vol. 49, no. 12, October 9. Available in Adobe Acrobat. Neergaard, Lauran. 1999. "Study: Treatment Best for Addicts," Associated Press, March 18. Neese, Dave. 1998. "AG denounces needle plan." Trentonian (Trenton, NJ), October 8. New Jersey Public Health Association. 1995. "Supporting Needle Exchange to Reduce HIV Transmission." New York
Times. 1998. "Sex Partners Often Silent About HIV,"
February 9. page A10. New York Times. 1999. "Complacency amid the AIDS epidemic." Editorial, September 1, p. A22. Newark EMA HIV Health Services Planning Council. 1999. "Resolution on harm reduction and needle/syringe exchange." March 17. 2 pages. Office of National Drug Control Policy. National Drug Control Strategy: Annual Report, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Office
of Technology Assessment of the U.S. Congress. 1995.
The effectiveness of AIDS prevention efforts. Executive summary. Full
report. PB96107529. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service. Orsi, Reverend Michael. 1998. "Needle exchange undermines society." Atlantic City Press (Atlantic City, NJ), October 17. Osmond, J. D'Cruz and others. 1999. "WHI-05, a novel bromo-methoxy substituted phenyl phosphate derivative of zidovudine, is a dual-action spermicide with potent anti-HIV activity," Contraception, May, vol. 59, no. 5. pages 319-331. Ott, Dwight. 1998. "Needle sales, exchange bills backed." Philadelphia Inquirer, May 29, p. B3. Paone Denise, Jessica Clark, Q. Shi, D. Purchase,
and Don C. Des Jarlais. 1999. "Syringe
exchange in the United States, 1996: A national profile." American
Journal of Public Health. January, vol. 89, no. l, pages 43-6. Paone, Denise, H. Cooper, J. Alperen, and
others. 1999. "HIV Risk Behaviors of
Current Sex Workers Attending Syringe Exchange: The Experiences of Women
in five US Cities." AIDS
CARE. vol. 11 no. 3. pages 269-280. Abstract. Paone, Denise, Don Des Jarlais, Jessica Clark, Qiuhu Shi, Donald Grove, and Diana De Leon. 1998. "United States Syringe Exchange Program Survey 1997," presentation at the North American Syringe Exchange Conference, Baltimore, MD, April. Panoe, Denise, Don Des Jarlais, Mytri Ptritam Singh, Courtney McKnight, and Stephen Titus. 2000. "National Syringe Exchange Survey 1998," presentation at the North American Syringe Exchange Convention, Portland, Oregon, April. Park, Michael. 1999. "Repeal asked on needles: Council urges repeal of needle exchange ban." Jersey Journal (Jersey City, NJ), April 29, p. A1. PDR Family Guide to Women's Health and Prescription Drugs. 1994. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Data. 891 pages. Perdue, B.E., P.J. Weidle, R.E. Everson-Mays, and P.S. Bozek. 1998. “Evaluating the cost of medications for ambulatory HIV-infected persons in association with landmark changes in antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, April 1, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 354-60. Planned Parenthood Women's Health Encyclopedia. 1996. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks. Quinn, Sandra Crouse. 1997. “Belief in AIDS as a form of genocide: Implications for HIV prevention programs for African Americans.” Journal of Health Education, November/December, Supplement 1997, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. S6-S11. Quinn,
Thomas C., Maria J. Wawer, Nelson Sewankambo, David Serwadda, and others. 2000.
"Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Type 1," New England Journal of Medicine, March 30, vol. 342, no.
13, pages 921-929. Rashbaum, William K. 2000. “Review Board Staff Faults Police on Stop-and-Frisk Reports,” New York Times, April 28, page B1. Reitemeijer, C.A. , A. J. Davidson, C.T. Foster, and D.L. Cohn, 1993, "Cost of care for patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.153, pp. 219-25. Remis, Robert S., Julie Bruneau, and Catherine A. Hankins, 1998, "Enough sterile syringes to prevent HIV transmission among injection drug users in Montreal?" Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, vol. 18 (supplement 1), pp. S57-S59. Rich, Josiah D. 2000. "Physician Syringe Prescription to Prevent HIV in Rhode Island," presentation at the North American Syringe Exchange Convention, Portland, Oregon, April. Riley, E., P. Beilenson, D. Vlahov, and
others. 1998. " Operation
Red Box: a pilot project of needle and syringe drop boxes for injection
drug users in East Baltimore." Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Human
Retrovirology. vol.18. no. 1. pages S120-5. Robles R., H. Colon, T. Matos, H.
Finlinson, A. Munoz, C. Marrero, M. Garcial, and J. Reyes. 1998.
"Syringe and Needle Exchange as HIV/AIDS Prevention for Injection Drug
Users in Puerto Rico." Health Policy. vol. 45. pages 209-220. Rosenberg, Philip S. and Robert J. Biggar. 1998. "Trends in HIV incidence among young adults in the United States." Journal of the American Medical Association. June 17. vol.279. pages 1894-1899. Russell, Sabin. 1995. "CDC endorses needle swaps." San Francisco Chronicle. March 8. Sanders, Reverend Edwin, and Joyce Perkins. 1997. "Need is dire for clean needles in war on AIDS." Tennessean (Nashville, TN), December 19, p. 19A. San Francisco AIDS Foundation. 1998. "Federal funds for needle exchange program denied." Press release, April 20. Satcher, David, 2000, "Evidence-based findings on the efficacy of syringe exchange programs: an analysis of the scientific research completed since April 1998," Review dated March 17. See also "Highlights" and "Annotated Bibliography." Schechter, M., S. Strathdee, P. G. A. Cornelisse and others. 1999. "Do needle exchange programs increase the spread of HIV among injection drug users: An investigation of the Vancouver outbreak." AIDS. April 16. vol.13. no. 6. pages F45-51. Abstract. Sengupta, Somini. 1997. "Law Curtails Help for Illegal Immigrants with AIDS," New York Times, December 29, page B1. "Sex
Partners Often Silent About HIV." 1998. New York Times.
February 9. page A10. Shapiro, M.F., S.C. Morton, D.F. McCaffrey, J.W. Senterfitt, and others. 1999. "Variations in the Care of HIV-Infected Adults in the United States: Results from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, Journal of the American Medical Association, June 23-30, vol. 281, no. 24, pages 2305-2314. Sidwell, Heather and Amanda Watson (updated
by Julie Scales). 2001. "Needle
exchange and access to sterile syringes." website of the Health Policy Tracking
Service of the National Conference of State Legislatures. Sikkema, Kathleen. Timothy G. Heckman,
Jeffrey A. Kelly, and others, 1996. “HIV risk behaviors among women
living in low-income, inner-city housing developments.” American Journal of Public Health. vol. 86, no. 8, August, pp.
1123-28. Sikkema,
Kathleen J., Jeffrey A. Kelly, Richard A. Winette, Laura J. Solomon, and others.
2000. "Outcomes of a Randomized Community-Level HIV Prevention
Intervention for Women Living in 18 Low-Income Housing Developments," American
Journal of Public Health, January, vol. 90, no. 1, pages 57-63. Sorian, Richard and Jennifer Kates 2000. "The State of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in America." April. Kaiser Family Foundation. Capitol Hill Briefing Series of HIV/AIDS. In adobe acrobat. Specter, Michael. 1998. “Breast-feeding and HIV: weighing health risks and treatment costs.” New York Times. August 19, p. A14, and corrected maps published August 21, 1998, p. A7. Staples, Brent. 1999. "Why some get busted – and some go free." New York Times, May 10, p. A22. Steele, Alfred E. 1998. "Council to be commended." Letter to the editor, Trenton Times (Trenton, NJ), May 5. Sternberg, Steve. 2001. "Abstinence Only' Funding May Rise." USA Today. June 6. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. 1998. "Clinton decides not to finance needle program." New York Times, April 21. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. 1998. “Eyes shut, Black American is being ravaged by AIDS.” New York Times, June 29, p. A1. Stolberg,
Sheryl Gay. 1998. "U.S. Awakes to Epidemic
of Sexual Diseases," New York Times. March 9. Strathdee, S., D. Celentano, and others. in press. "Needle Exchange Attendance and Health Care Utilization Promote Entry into Detoxification," Journal of Urban Health. Abstract. Strathdee, Steffanie A., David M. Patrick, Sue L. Currie, Peter G. A. Cornelisse, Michael L. Rekart, Julio S. G. Montaner, Martin T. Schechter, and Michael V. O'Shaughnessy, 1997, "Needle exchange is not enough: lessons from the Vancouver injecting drug use study," AIDS, vol. 11, pp. F59-F65. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Annual. National household survey on drug abuse. (annual). Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration. 1998. Services
research outcomes study.
Rockville, MD. September. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration. 1 Swan, Neil. 1995. “Treatment and outreach research on AIDS: Identifying and treating those at risk.” NIDA Notes, May/June, p.12. Thomas, Stephen B. and James W. Curran. 1999. "Tuskegee: from science to conspiracy to metaphor." American Journal of Medical Sciences. vol. 317, no.1, January, pp. 1-4. Thomas, Stephen B. 2000. "The Legacy of Tuskegee: AIDS and African Americans," Body Positive, January/February. Troast, David, 1998. Chair, Governors' Advisory Council on AIDS. Letter to Christine Todd Whitman, Governor of New Jersey, October 5, 1998. U.S. Conference of Mayors. 1999. "The Role of Pharmacies in Preventing HIV Among Injection Drug Users. AIDS Information Exchange. December. 12 pages. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1998. "Research shows needle exchange programs reduce HIV infections without increasing drug use." Press release, April 20. UNAIDS,1998. Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic, New York City: UNAIDS, June. University
of California. 1993. The public
health impact of needle exchange programs in the United States and abroad. The
Summary volume can be found in two parts: (A) the "Executive
Summary" and (B) the "Summary,
Conclusions and Recommendations." Peter Lurie, Arthur L. Reingold, et al., San Francisco:
University of California. Volumes 1 and 2 are available from the
National AIDS Clearinghouse, at 1-800-458-5231. University of California, San Francisco, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics San Francisco General Hospital. 1997. “Hepatitis facts for injectors,” March. Vlahov, David. 1994. "The ALIVE study," in HIV Epidemiology: Models and Methods, Alfredo Nicolosi, editor, Raven Press, Ltd. New York. p. 31-45. Whitman, Christine Todd. 1998. "Needle exchange sends mixed message." Trenton Times (Trenton, NJ), May 19, p. A10. Whitman, Christine Todd. 1998. Letter to David Troast, Chair, Governor's Advisory Council on AIDS, August 5. Whitman, Christine Todd. 1996. Letter to David Troast, Chair, Governor's Advisory Council on AIDS, January 10. Williams, Arthur Robinson IV. 2004. State policymaking and syringe deregulation: the determinates of successful reform, Princeton University senior thesis. April 5. 140 pages. Windley, Merrie. 1997. "Why a mother with AIDS will march." Trenton Times (Trenton, NJ), October 20, p. A13. Wittkowski, Knut M., Ezra Susser, and Klaus Dietz, 1998. "The protective effect of condoms and nonoxynol-9 against HIV infection." American Journal of Public Health, April. vol.88, no.4, pages 590-596. Worth, D. 1988. "Self-Help interventions with women at high risk of HIV Infection." New York City: Montefiore Medical Center, 1988. Worth, D. 1989. “Sexual decision-making and AIDS: why condom promotion among vulnerable women is likely to fail.” Studies in Family Planning. vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 297-307. Wortley, Pascale M. and Patricia L. Fleming. 1997. "AIDS in Women in the United States," Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 278. pages 911-196. September 17. Wren,
Christopher S. 1999. "Top U.S. Drug Official Proposes Shift in Criminal
Justice Policy," New York Times, December 9. page A23. Yoon, Carol Kaesuk. 1997.“Families emerge as silent victims of Tuskegee
Syphilis Experiment.” New York Times,
May 12, p. 1.
Zielbauer,
Paul. 1999. "Racial profiling tops N.A.A.C.P. Agenda." New York
Times. July 11. page 23.
|