Footnote  

The estimate that 40 percent of all new HIV infections are injection-related is based on the percent of new AIDS cases in 2000 involving 3 exposure groups: injecting drug users, men who have sex with men and inject drugs; and heterosexual partners of injecting drug users. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. U.S. HIV and AIDS cases reported through December 2000, Vol. 12, No. 2, Tables 22 and 23. 

Forty percent is a conservative estimate. The estimate that roughly half of all new HIV infections in the United States occur among injection drug users and their wives, husbands and sexual partners has appeared in several scholarly publications. See:

Scott Holmberg. 1996. "The estimated prevalence and incidence of HIV in 96 large U.S. metropolitan areas." American Journal of Public Health, May, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 642-54

Institute of Medicine. 2000. No Time to Lose: Getting More from HIV Prevention. Ruiz, Monica S., Alicia R. Gable, Edward H. Kaplan and others, eds. Washington, D.C. National Academy Press. page 25.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. HIV Prevention Strategic Plan Through 2005. January. page 64. Available in Adobe Acrobat.

For a list of other materials used on this website, see References.